Pastable version of simplest of mallocs examples

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            <pre class="sunburst"><span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"><span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;">/*</span> Transforms a number to a string</span>
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"> * e.g 1234 =&gt; &quot;1234&quot;</span>
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"> *</span>
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"> * Pablo A. Torres Navarrete</span>
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"> * 02-10-07</span>
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"> <span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;">*/</span></span>

<span style="color:#8996A8;"># <span style="color:#AFC4DB;">include</span> <span style="color:#65B042;"><span style="color:#65B042;">&lt;</span>stdio.h<span style="color:#65B042;">&gt;</span></span></span>
<span style="color:#8996A8;"># <span style="color:#AFC4DB;">include</span> <span style="color:#65B042;"><span style="color:#65B042;">&lt;</span>malloc.h<span style="color:#65B042;">&gt;</span></span></span>
<span style="color:#8996A8;"># <span style="color:#AFC4DB;">include</span> <span style="color:#65B042;"><span style="color:#65B042;">&lt;</span>math.h<span style="color:#65B042;">&gt;</span></span></span>

<span style="color:#99CF50;">int</span> digcount(<span style="color:#99CF50;">int</span> num); 	<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"><span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;">//</span> counts the digits of &lt;num&gt;</span>

<span style="color:#89BDFF;">ma<span style="color:#89BDFF;">in</span></span>() 
{
	<span style="color:#99CF50;">int</span> num, fact, dig, digits, i;
	<span style="color:#99CF50;">char</span> *s;

<span style="color:#DAD085;">scanf</span>(<span style="color:#65B042;"><span style="color:#65B042;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#DDF2A4;">%d</span><span style="color:#65B042;">&quot;</span></span>, &amp;num);
	digits = digcount(num);
	s = (<span style="color:#99CF50;">char</span> *) <span style="color:#DAD085;">malloc</span>((digits + <span style="color:#3387CC;">1</span>) * <span style="color:#E28964;">sizeof</span>(<span style="color:#99CF50;">char</span>));	<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"><span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;">//</span> assign just enough space to hold the number and '\0'</span>
	s += (digits - <span style="color:#3387CC;">1</span>);	<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"><span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;">//</span> go to the last address of the memory space assigned</span>
	*s-- = <span style="color:#65B042;"><span style="color:#65B042;">'</span><span style="color:#DDF2A4;">\0</span><span style="color:#65B042;">'</span></span>;		<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"><span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;">//</span> mark the end of the string</span>
	<span style="color:#E28964;">for</span> (i = <span style="color:#3387CC;">0</span>; i &lt; digits; i++) {
		dig = num % <span style="color:#3387CC;">10</span>;
		num /= <span style="color:#3387CC;">10</span>;
		*s-- = <span style="color:#65B042;"><span style="color:#65B042;">'</span>0<span style="color:#65B042;">'</span></span> + dig;	<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"><span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;">//</span> store digit by digit</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#DAD085;">printf</span>(<span style="color:#65B042;"><span style="color:#65B042;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#DDF2A4;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#DDF2A4;">%s</span><span style="color:#DDF2A4;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#DDF2A4;">\n</span><span style="color:#65B042;">&quot;</span></span>, ++s);	<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"><span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;">//</span> after the for, s is pointing to the addres before the start of the string</span>
}

<span style="color:#99CF50;">int</span> <span style="color:#89BDFF;">digcou<span style="color:#89BDFF;">nt</span></span>(<span style="color:#99CF50;">int</span> num)
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"><span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;">/*</span> Calculates the number of digits of the parameter using the</span>
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"> * decimal logarithm property:</span>
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"> *</span>
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"> * N = trunc(log(x), 0) + 1, where N is the number of digits of x</span>
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"> *</span>
<span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;"> <span style="color:#AEAEAE;font-style:italic;">*/</span></span>
{
	<span style="color:#99CF50;">double</span> ans;

ans = <span style="color:#DAD085;">log10</span>(num);
	ans = <span style="color:#DAD085;">ceil</span>(ans);
	<span style="color:#E28964;">return</span> (<span style="color:#99CF50;">int</span>) ans;
}
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